Biology and biotechnology of grapevine viruses

Group leader : Christophe RITZENTHALER

Research area

Many viruses are among the most damaging and widespread pathogens of grapevine worldwide (fanleaf, leafroll, etc…). At the interface between basic and applied research, the overall objective of the group ” Biology and biotechnology of grapevine viruses” is to better understand the biology of these viruses. In particular, our aim is to decipher their interactions with host plants, how they move from cell to cell via plasmodesmata and how they are transmitted by nematode vectors. This allows us to develop new tools or strategies to fight against these pathogens: detection and agrodiagnostic tools using Nanobodies, virus-resistant plants, biotechnology applications derived from Virus Like Particles (VLPs), etc… Our aim is also to strengthen our position among the international leaders in plant virology and biotechnology.

Projects

Production of Nanobodies against major grapevine viruses

Nanobodies (Nbs) are small peptides derived from single-chain only antibody found in camelids. Discovered in the 90s, Nbs are the smallest known antibody-like molecules and are of great interest in biotechnology. We showed that Nbs directed against Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) possess antiviral activity and confer resistance to the virus. They can also be used for the immunodetection of the virus and are excellent GFLV biosensors in planta. Based on these proof of concepts, we aim at developing Nbs against other major grapevine viruses responsible of fanleaf- (nepoviruses), leafroll- (ampelovirus) and rugose wood complex-(vitiviruses) diseases.

Nanotechnology of nepoviruses

Viruses of the genus nepovirus are formed by the self-assembly of 60 identical capsid protein (CP) subunits. We have shown that this highly ordered protein backbone complex of about 30 nm in diameter can serve as a versatile platform for the display and encaging of macromolecules. Our goal is to optimize this platform for various nanotechnology uses such as vaccinology, molecular therapy or imaging.

Mechanisms of replication, movement and transmission of Grapevine fanleaf virus

The historical interest of the group is focused on the biology of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), a severe pathogen of grapevine worldwide. Genetic approaches combined to biochemistry, imaging and structural biology have enabled us to elucidate certain key molecular elements of the cell-to-cell movement mechanism via plasmodesmata and the plant-to-plant transmission mode by its nematode vector. Our goal now is to vizualize these key viral multiplication stages in real time by in vivo non-invasive approaches using fluorescent probes in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms.

Members

Selected publications

  • INCARBONE M., CLAVEL M., MONSION B., KUHN L., SCHEER H., VANTARD E., POIGNAVENT V., DUNOYER P., GENSCHIK P. and RITZENTHALER C.

    Immunocapture of dsRNA-bound proteins provides insight into Tobacco rattle virus replication complexes and reveals Arabidopsis DRB2 to be a wide-spectrum antiviral effector

    Plant Cell, 1, 2021.

  • ORLOV I., HEMMER C., ACKERER L., LORBER B., GHANNAM A., POIGNAVENT V., HLEIBIEH K., SAUTER C., SCHMITT-KEICHINGER C., BELVAL L., HILY J.M., MARMONIER A., KOMAR V., GERSCH S., SCHELLENBERGER P., BRON P., VIGNE E., MUYLDERMANS S., LEMAIRE O., DEMANGEAT G., RITZENTHALER C. and KLAHOLZ B.P.

    Structural basis of nanobody recognition of grapevine fanleaf virus and of virus resistance loss

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 10848-10855, 2020. | DOI : doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913681117DOI logo

  • ROUJOL D., HOFFMANN L., CLEMENTE H.S., SCHMITT-KEICHINGER C., RITZENTHALER C., BURLAT V. and JAMET E.

    Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: Bioinformatics and Cell Biology Tools to Assess the Bona Fide Cell Wall Localization of Proteins

    In: Jamet, E. (eds) The plant cell wall: Methods and protocols, chapter 25. Popper, Zoe A.., 2020. | DOI : 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_25DOI logo

  • INCARBONE M., SCHEER H., HILY J.M., KUHN L., ERHARDT M., DUNOYER P., ALTENBACH D. and RITZENTHALER C.

    Characterization of a DCL2-insensitive Tomato bushy stunt virus isolate infecting Arabidopsis thaliana

    Viruses, 1121, 2020. | DOI : doi.org/10.3390/v12101121DOI logo

  • BELVAL L., MARMONIER A., SCHMITT-KEICHINGER C., GERSCH S., ANDRET-LINK P., KOMAR V., VIGNE E., LEMAIRE O., RITZENTHALER C. and DEMANGEAT G.

    From a Movement-Deficient Grapevine Fanleaf Virus to the Identification of a New Viral Determinant of Nematode Transmission

    Viruses, 1146, 2019. | DOI : doi.org/10.3390/v11121146DOI logo

Patents

  • BELVAL L., DEMANGEAT G., HEMMER C. and RITZENTHALER C.

    Nepovirus coat protein fusion polypeptides and their use

    16662278, 2019.

  • MUYLDERMANS S., DEMANGEAT G., GHANNAM A., ACKERER L., HEMMER C., RITZENTHALER C. and POIGNAVENT V.

    Virus-like particles and uses thereof

    PCT/EP2018, 2018.

  • RITZENTHALER C., DEMANGEAT G., HEMMER C., MUYLDERMANS S. and ACKERER L.

    Resistance to Grapevine fanleaf virus

    WO 2015/110601 A1, PCT/EP2015, 2014.