RNA editing, the process of modifying RNA after transcription, is essential in plants. In particular, it is crucial for proper protein function in chloroplasts and mitochondria, where organelle-encoded transcripts often require editing to become functional. However, natural editing tools such as PPR (PentatricoPeptide Repeat) proteins lack the flexibility required for precise and programmable RNA editing in these organelles.
In a recent study published in Nucleic Acids Research, a team of scientists led by Kamel Hammani has developed programmable synthetic PPR proteins (dPPRe) capable of targeting specific RNA sequences in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. Unlike natural editing factors that recognize fixed RNA motifs, these synthetic proteins can be reprogrammed to bind virtually any RNA sequence.
To achieve this, the researchers combined RNA-binding PPR domains with a cytidine deaminase catalytic domain, an enzyme that converts cytidine (C) to uridine (U) in RNA. Using this approach, they successfully induced site-specific RNA edits in the organelles of Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, with remarkable editing efficiency.
One of the major breakthroughs of this work lies in the programmability of the PPR proteins, opening up broad possibilities for precise RNA manipulation. This technology paves the way for applications ranging from targeted gene correction and crop improvement to the controlled production of proteins within plant organelles.
In summary, this innovative system based on synthetic RNA editors provides a powerful tool to rewrite organellar genetic information, with significant potential for plant biotechnology and sustainable agriculture.
